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1 |  | Nouns / Adjectives | Singular | Plural |  | Far past | Near past | Present | Future |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2 |  | Animate | Inanimate | Animate | Inanimate | POSITIVE | -(a)z | -ka | ø | šo | Imperfect (base) |  |  |  |  | Word Order | Word Structure |
3 |  | Nominative / Ergative | -(r)os | -(ï)ri | -(s)ïn | -(ï)rïn | -(a)z + redup | -ka + redup | redup | šo | Perfect (redup) |  |  |  |  | SOV | Noun | N-number-case
4 |  | Accusitive / Absolutive | -(ï)ja | -(j)e | -(ï)jan | -(j)en | la-z | la-ka | la- | la- šo | Habitual (la-) |  |  |  |  | Nouns | Verbs | Other | Verb |  |  |
5 |  | Dative | -(ð)ejo | -(ð)io | -(ð)on | -(ï)jon | NEGATIVE | -zenï | -(ï)kan | -(ï)nï | šin | Imperfect (base) |  |  |  |  | adposition | noun |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
6 |  | Instrumental | -(m)a | -(č)i | -(m)an | -(č)an | -(a)zenï + redup | -kan + redup | -(ï)nï + redup | šin + redup | Perfect (redup) |  |  | trans. verb adj. | intrans. verb adj | gen | noun |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
7 |  | Genitive | -(r)osu | -(r)eu | -(s)un | -(r)aun | la-zenï | la-kan | la-(ï)nï | la- šin | Habitual (la-) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | quantity | size |
8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | color | other affix types |
9 |  |  | Animate | Inanimate |  |  |  |  | tauros kowos | the dragon that is eating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | "Place in docs idk what to do with this" - Mighty |  |  |  |
10 |  | Agent | Nominative | Ergative |  |  |  |  | kïþ tauros kowos | the dragon that is being eaten |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Attributive verbs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
11 |  | Subject | Absolutive |  |  |  |  | luke kïr tauros kowos | the dragon that is eating the stairs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Formed by putting the verb phrase before the modified noun |  |  |  |  |  |  |
12 |  | Patient | Accusative |  |  |  |  | lukri kïþ tauros kowos | the dragon that is being eaten by stairs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
13 |  | Agent/patient are doer and doee of transitive verbs |  |  |  |  |  | Nominative |  | Accusative |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
14 |  | Subject is single argument of intransitive verbs |  |  |  |  |  | kowja kïr tautaukari lukri | kowja kïr tautaukaje luke | the stairs that ate the dragon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
15 |  | when a word doesn't need a case bc postposition or sth use what it would be as the subject |  |  |  |  |  | kowos kïþ tautaukari lukri | kowos kïþ tautaukaje luke | the stairs that were eaten by the dragon |  |  |  |  |  | relative clause |  |  |  |  |  |  |
16 |  | -(r)os -(j)e -(s)ïn -(j)en |  |  |  |  |  | luke kïr tautaukaros kowos | luke kïr tautaukaja kowja | the dragon that ate the stairs |  |  |  |  |  | Procedes the noun and is treated like an adjective |  |  |  |
17 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | lukri kïþ tautaukaros kowos | lukri kïþ tautaukaja kowja | the dragon that was eaten by the stairs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
18 |  | adjectives go before or after the noun (prefer before), agrees in case |  |  |  | mohone luke |  | kïr only rqd when adjective verb is transitive |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | dependent clause |  |  |  |  |  |  |
19 |  | an intransitive verb can also be like an adjective |  |  |  |  |  | žalaros kowos | žalarja kowja | the new dragon |  |  |  |  |  | Precedes the main clause |  |  |  |
20 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | žalaje luke | žalari lukri | the new stairs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
21 |  | transitive verb adjectives need kïr (agentive) or kïþ (patientive) before the adjective, |  |  |  |  |  | lukri kïþ tautaukaros kowos | lukri kïþ tautaukaja kowja | the dragon that was eaten by the stairs |  |  |  |  |  | noun clause |  |  |  |  |  |  |
22 |  | its other arguments go before kïr or kïþ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Precedes the main clause and is treated like a dependent clause |  |  |  |
23 |  | transitive verb adjectives should go before the noun, before intransitive verb adj |  |  |  |  | žalari lukri kïþ taukaros žalaros kowos luke kïr latauja kowja tautauka | the new dragon that was being eaten by the new stairs ate the stair eating dragon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
24 |  | genitive should go before the noun, but after verb adjs |  |  |  |  | mohonri lukri kïþ aupošoþkari mohonri šulri luke kïr laupošoþe šule aupošoþpošoþka | the boiling wall that was being exploded by the boiling stairs exploded the stair-exploding wall |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
25 |  |  |  |  |  |  | heros masos kïþ narankaros heros lašwos masja kïr lanaranja lašwïja narannaranka | the spinning bird that was being written by the spinning river wrote the river writing bird |  |  |  | i went to the store yesterday |  |  |  |  |  |  |
26 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | la说s |  | ꦤꦫꦤ꧀ꦤꦫꦤ꧀ꦗ narannaranka |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | yesterday i went to the store |  |  |  |  |  |  |
27 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | i to the store yesterday went |  |  |  |  |  |  |
28 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | subj - place - time - manner - reason - object - verb |  |  |  |  |  |  |
29 | converbs |  |  | All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. |  |  | reason - place - time - manner - subj - object - dat - verb |  |  |  |  |  |  |
30 | Affix | type | use | Meaning | Example |  |  |  | reason | why | because i ran out of eggs |  |  |  |  |
31 | B-(ï)þi | Imperfective verb | košeþi | "while/when" | When I teach, I walk | košeþi sa awï-awï |  | Koja na kimkimïsri sen ðiako, ðeno ðariškoþišri za rïðaþaþišri saþar. Unaušeþiše ðozasþi kaciše son lakazkaz. Sen ton sorþi neþo laþa. |  |  | place | where | to the store |  |  |  |  |
32 | B-(ï)sri | Perfective verb | košesri | "having done" | Since I have taught, I walk | košesri sa awï-awï |  |  |  | time | when | yesterday |  |  |  |  |
33 | B-(ï)sol | Causative verb | košesol | "because" | Because I teach, I walk | košesol sa awï-awï |  |  |  |  | manner | how | i took the bus |  |  |  |  |
34 | B-(ï)ščao | Anti-sequential | košeščao | "before" | Before teaching, I walk | košeščao sa awï-awï |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
35 | B-(ï)mra | Sequential | košemra | "after" | After teaching, I walk | košemra sa awï-awï |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | i went to the store taking the bus yesterday because i ran out of eggs |  |  |  |  |  |  |
36 | -(y)šai | Dative | sačišai | A in order to B | the boy pet the cat in order to hit the rock | om sacïšai kiðeros miuwïja maikoka |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | sa ðatïzon cau kanoze dï BUSa |  |  |  |  |  |  |
37 | -(y)me | Contrastive | sačime | A despite B | the boy pet the cat even though he had hit the rock | om sacïkame kiðeros miuwïja maikoka |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
38 | -(y)kai | Conditional | sačikai | if B then A | the boy would've pet the cat if he had hit the rock | om sacïkakai kiðeros miuwïja maikoka |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
39 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
40 |  | IRREGULAR VERBS |  | IRREGULAR NOUNS |  | NOTES FOR COINING WORDS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
41 |  | To be | "solau" when transitive, "ra" when intransitive |  | Nouns ending in (V)jos | kojos | Singular | Plural |  | Words should not start with: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
42 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nominative | kojos | koisïn |  | rï- þï- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
43 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accusitive | koja | kojan |  | Words should not end with: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
44 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dative | koiðejo | koiðon |  | rï- þï- |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
45 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Instrumental | koima | koiman |  | Words ending in -je or -jos cannot have a diphthong before the -je or -jos |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
46 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Genitive | koirosu | koisun |  | zešauje (bad) >> zešaje (good |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
47 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nouns ending in (N)jos | munjos | Singular | Plural |  | try to not make it sound like a number |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
48 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nominative | munjos | munjïn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
49 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accusitive | munja | munjan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
50 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dative | munjejo | munjon |  | idk where else to shove these sooo |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
51 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Instrumental | munïma | munïman |  | tað- | most |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
52 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Genitive | munïrosu | munjun |  | ðaðiš- | more |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
53 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nouns ending in (V)je | šoje | Singular | Plural |  | ðakmo- | less |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
54 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ergative | šoiri | šoirïn |  | ičin- | least |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
55 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Absolutive | šoje | šojen |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
56 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dative | šoiðio | šojon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
57 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Instrumental | šoiči | šoičan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
58 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Genitive | šoireu | šoiraun |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
59 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nouns ending in (N)je | munje | Singular | Plural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
60 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ergative | munïri | munïrïn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
61 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Absolutive | munje | munjen |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
62 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dative | munjo | munïjon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
63 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Instrumental | munïči | munïčan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
64 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Genitive | munjeu | munjaun |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
65 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nouns ending in wos | kowos | Singular | Plural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
66 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nominative | kowos | kowïn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
67 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accusitive | kowïja | kowïjan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
68 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dative | kowejo | kowon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
69 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Instrumental | kowa | kowan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
70 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Genitive | kowosu | kowun |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
71 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other words ending in diphthong with "i" | kai AnN | Singular | Plural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
72 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nominative | kairos | kaisïn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
73 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accusitive | kaja | kajan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
74 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dative | kaiðejo | koðon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
75 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Instrumental | kaima | koman |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
76 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Genitive | kairosu | kosun |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
77 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | kai InN | Singular | Plural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
78 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ergative | kairi | kairïn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
79 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Absolutive | kaje | kajen |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
80 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dative | kai⁥ðio | kajon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
81 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Instrumental | kaiči | kaičan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
82 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Genitive | kaireu | kairaun |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
83 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | InN Om |  | Singular | Plural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
84 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Same, but "ome" is just "om" | Ergative | omri | omrïn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
85 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Absolutive | om | omen |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
86 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dative | omijo | omjon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
87 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Instrumental | omi | oman |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
88 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Genitive | omeu | omaun |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
89 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | AnN Joi |  | Singular | Plural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
90 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | does not end in "os" | Nominative | joi | joisïn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
91 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accusitive | joja | jojan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
92 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dative | joiðejo | joiðon |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
93 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Instrumental | joima | joiman |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
94 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Genitive | joirosu | joisun |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
95 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | AnN tos |  | Singular | Plural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
96 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nominative | tos | tïn |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
97 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accusitive | tia | tian |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
98 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Dative | tejo | ton |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
99 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Instrumental | ta | tan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
100 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Genitive | tosu | tun |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |